Macular degeneration is a group of diseases that affect the central area of the retina. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness and severe and irreversible vision loss in the developed world.

The retina is a thin tissue that lines the inside wall of the eye. The macula is a geographic area within the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision. In 10-15% of cases, bleeding can occur into the retina (Wet AMD), which can result in sudden central vision loss and scarring. Central vision loss may occur in the more common (85-90% of cases) “dry” type of macular degeneration, without bleeding, but usually occurs gradually.  Dry AMD can lead to wet AMD at any stage or progress to advanced Dry AMD

Risk Factors

  People over 50 years of age (prevalence increases with age)

  Family history

  Ultraviolet light exposure

  Smoking

  Poor diet or lack of particular nutrients

Treatment and Management

  Laser treatment (Wet AMD)

  Injectable medication (Wet AMD)

  Special dietary supplements may be recommended, to slow the progression of macular degeneration (Dry AMD)

  Magnification aids

Prevention and Detection

  Good diet including leafy dark green vegetables

  Do not smoke

  Annual eye examinations

  Your optometrist may give you a grid pattern (Amsler grid – see below) for regular home monitoring, to detect any distortions or dim areas in your vision which may indicate progression of the disease. If changes occur you should see your optometrist

  Downloadable amsler grid

  It is important to detect AMD at an early stage in order to take appropriate measures to treat (Wet AMD) or help prevent progression of Dry AMD to Wet AMD or advanced Dry AMD

  Have your eyes examined by an optometrist every year or sooner with changes